Beef/IDEHelper/VSSupport.cpp

//
// Author:   Jonathan Blow
// Version:  1
// Date:     31 August, 2018
//
// This code is released under the MIT license, which you can find at
//
//          https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
//
//
//
// See the comments for how to use this library just below the includes.
//

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#include <stdint.h>
#include <io.h>         // For _get_osfhandle

#undef max
#undef min
#include "BeefySysLib/Common.h"
#include "Beef/BfCommon.h"

//
// HOW TO USE THIS CODE
//
// The purpose of this file is to find the folders that contain libraries
// you may need to link against, on Windows, if you are linking with any
// compiled C or C++ code. This will be necessary for many non-C++ programming
// language environments that want to provide compatibility.
//
// We find the place where the Visual Studio libraries live (for example,
// libvcruntime.lib), where the linker and compiler executables live
// (for example, link.exe), and where the Windows SDK libraries reside
// (kernel32.lib, libucrt.lib).
//
// We all wish you didn't have to worry about so many weird dependencies,
// but we don't really have a choice about this, sadly.
//
// I don't claim that this is the absolute best way to solve this problem,
// and so far we punt on things (if you have multiple versions of Visual Studio
// installed, we return the first one, rather than the newest). But it
// will solve the basic problem for you as simply as I know how to do it,
// and because there isn't too much code here, it's easy to modify and expand.
//
//
// Here is the API you need to know about:
//

struct Find_Result {
	int windows_sdk_version = 0;   // Zero if no Windows SDK found.

	wchar_t *windows_sdk_root = NULL;	

	wchar_t* vs_version = NULL;
	wchar_t *vs_exe32_path = NULL;
	wchar_t *vs_exe64_path = NULL;
	wchar_t *vs_library32_path = NULL;
	wchar_t *vs_library64_path = NULL;
};

Find_Result find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk();

void free_resources(Find_Result *result) {
	free(result->windows_sdk_root);	
	free(result->vs_version);
	free(result->vs_exe32_path);
	free(result->vs_exe64_path);
	free(result->vs_library32_path);
	free(result->vs_library64_path);
}

//
// Call find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk, look at the resulting
// paths, then call free_resources on the result.
//
// Everything else in this file is implementation details that you
// don't need to care about.
//

//
// This file was about 400 lines before we started adding these comments.
// You might think that's way too much code to do something as simple
// as finding a few library and executable paths. I agree. However,
// Microsoft's own solution to this problem, called "vswhere", is a
// mere EIGHT THOUSAND LINE PROGRAM, spread across 70 files,
// that they posted to github *unironically*.
//
// I am not making this up: https://github.com/Microsoft/vswhere
//
// Several people have therefore found the need to solve this problem
// themselves. We referred to some of these other solutions when 
// figuring out what to do, most prominently ziglang's version,
// by Ryan Saunderson.
// 
// I hate this kind of code. The fact that we have to do this at all
// is stupid, and the actual maneuvers we need to go through
// are just painful. If programming were like this all the time,
// I would quit.
//
// Because this is such an absurd waste of time, I felt it would be
// useful to package the code in an easily-reusable way, in the
// style of the stb libraries. We haven't gone as all-out as some
// of the stb libraries do (which compile in C with no includes, often).
// For this version you need C++ and the headers at the top of the file.
//
// We return the strings as Windows wide character strings. Aesthetically
// I don't like that (I think most sane programs are UTF-8 internally),
// but apparently, not all valid Windows file paths can even be converted
// correctly to UTF-8. So have fun with that. It felt safest and simplest
// to stay with wchar_t since all of this code is fully ensconced in
// Windows crazy-land.
//
// One other shortcut I took is that this is hardcoded to return the
// folders for x64 libraries. If you want x86 or arm, you can make
// slight edits to the code below, or, if enough people want this,
// I can work it in here.
//

// Defer macro/thing.

#undef defer

#define CONCAT_INTERNAL(x,y) x##y
#define CONCAT(x,y) CONCAT_INTERNAL(x,y)

template<typename T>
struct ExitScope {
	T lambda;
	ExitScope(T lambda) :lambda(lambda) {}
	~ExitScope() { lambda(); }
	ExitScope(const ExitScope&);
private:
	ExitScope& operator =(const ExitScope&);
};

class ExitScopeHelp {
public:
	template<typename T>
	ExitScope<T> operator+(T t) { return t; }
};

#define defer const auto& CONCAT(defer__, __LINE__) = ExitScopeHelp() + [&]()


// COM objects for the ridiculous Microsoft craziness.

struct DECLSPEC_UUID("B41463C3-8866-43B5-BC33-2B0676F7F42E") DECLSPEC_NOVTABLE ISetupInstance : public IUnknown
{
	STDMETHOD(GetInstanceId)(_Out_ BSTR* pbstrInstanceId) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstallDate)(_Out_ LPFILETIME pInstallDate) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstallationName)(_Out_ BSTR* pbstrInstallationName) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstallationPath)(_Out_ BSTR* pbstrInstallationPath) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstallationVersion)(_Out_ BSTR* pbstrInstallationVersion) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetDisplayName)(_In_ LCID lcid, _Out_ BSTR* pbstrDisplayName) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetDescription)(_In_ LCID lcid, _Out_ BSTR* pbstrDescription) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(ResolvePath)(_In_opt_z_ LPCOLESTR pwszRelativePath, _Out_ BSTR* pbstrAbsolutePath) = 0;
};

struct DECLSPEC_UUID("6380BCFF-41D3-4B2E-8B2E-BF8A6810C848") DECLSPEC_NOVTABLE IEnumSetupInstances : public IUnknown
{
	STDMETHOD(Next)(_In_ ULONG celt, _Out_writes_to_(celt, *pceltFetched) ISetupInstance** rgelt, _Out_opt_ _Deref_out_range_(0, celt) ULONG* pceltFetched) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(Skip)(_In_ ULONG celt) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(Reset)(void) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(Clone)(_Deref_out_opt_ IEnumSetupInstances** ppenum) = 0;
};

struct DECLSPEC_UUID("42843719-DB4C-46C2-8E7C-64F1816EFD5B") DECLSPEC_NOVTABLE ISetupConfiguration : public IUnknown
{
	STDMETHOD(EnumInstances)(_Out_ IEnumSetupInstances** ppEnumInstances) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstanceForCurrentProcess)(_Out_ ISetupInstance** ppInstance) = 0;
	STDMETHOD(GetInstanceForPath)(_In_z_ LPCWSTR wzPath, _Out_ ISetupInstance** ppInstance) = 0;
};


// The beginning of the actual code that does things.

struct Version_Data {
	int32_t best_version[4];  // For Windows 8 versions, only two of these numbers are used.
	wchar_t *best_name;
};

bool os_file_exists(wchar_t *name) {
	// @Robustness: What flags do we really want to check here?

	auto attrib = GetFileAttributesW(name);
	if (attrib == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) return false;
	if (attrib & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) return false;

	return true;
}

wchar_t *concat(wchar_t *a, wchar_t *b, wchar_t *c = nullptr, wchar_t *d = nullptr) {
	// Concatenate up to 4 wide strings together. Allocated with malloc.
	// If you don't like that, use a programming language that actually
	// helps you with using custom allocators. Or just edit the code.

	auto len_a = wcslen(a);
	auto len_b = wcslen(b);

	auto len_c = 0;
	if (c) len_c = (int)wcslen(c);

	auto len_d = 0;
	if (d) len_d = (int)wcslen(d);

	wchar_t *result = (wchar_t *)malloc((len_a + len_b + len_c + len_d + 1) * 2);
	memcpy(result, a, len_a * 2);
	memcpy(result + len_a, b, len_b * 2);

	if (c) memcpy(result + len_a + len_b, c, len_c * 2);
	if (d) memcpy(result + len_a + len_b + len_c, d, len_d * 2);

	result[len_a + len_b + len_c + len_d] = 0;

	return result;
}

typedef void(*Visit_Proc_W)(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data);
bool visit_files_w(wchar_t *dir_name, Version_Data *data, Visit_Proc_W proc) {

	// Visit everything in one folder (non-recursively). If it's a directory
	// that doesn't start with ".", call the visit proc on it. The visit proc
	// will see if the filename conforms to the expected versioning pattern.

	auto wildcard_name = concat(dir_name, L"\\*");
	defer{ free(wildcard_name); };

	WIN32_FIND_DATAW find_data;
	auto handle = FindFirstFileW(wildcard_name, &find_data);
	if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) return false;

	while (true) {
		if ((find_data.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) && (find_data.cFileName[0] != '.')) {
			auto full_name = concat(dir_name, L"\\", find_data.cFileName);
			defer{ free(full_name); };

			proc(find_data.cFileName, full_name, data);
		}

		auto success = FindNextFileW(handle, &find_data);
		if (!success) break;
	}

	FindClose(handle);

	return true;
}


wchar_t *find_windows_kit_root(HKEY key, wchar_t *version) {
	// Given a key to an already opened registry entry,
	// get the value stored under the 'version' subkey.
	// If that's not the right terminology, hey, I never do registry stuff.

	DWORD required_length;
	auto rc = RegQueryValueExW(key, version, NULL, NULL, NULL, &required_length);
	if (rc != 0)  return NULL;

	DWORD length = required_length + sizeof(wchar_t);  // The extra wchar_t is for the maybe optional zero later on. Probably we are over-allocating.
	wchar_t *value = (wchar_t *)malloc(length);
	if (!value) return NULL;

	rc = RegQueryValueExW(key, version, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)value, &length);  // We know that version is zero-terminated...
	if (rc != 0)  return NULL;
	length /= sizeof(wchar_t);

	// The documentation says that if the string for some reason was not stored
	// with zero-termination, we need to manually terminate it. Sigh!!

	if (value[length - 1]) {
		value[length] = 0;
	}

	return value;
}

void win10_best(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data) {
	// Find the Windows 10 subdirectory with the highest version number.

	int i0, i1, i2, i3;
	auto success = swscanf_s(short_name, L"%d.%d.%d.%d", &i0, &i1, &i2, &i3);
	if (success < 4) return;

	if (i0 < data->best_version[0]) return;
	else if (i0 == data->best_version[0]) {
		if (i1 < data->best_version[1]) return;
		else if (i1 == data->best_version[1]) {
			if (i2 < data->best_version[2]) return;
			else if (i2 == data->best_version[2]) {
				if (i3 < data->best_version[3]) return;
			}
		}
	}

	// we have to copy_string and free here because visit_files free's the full_name string
	// after we execute this function, so Win*_Data would contain an invalid pointer.
	if (data->best_name) free(data->best_name);
	data->best_name = _wcsdup(full_name);

	if (data->best_name) {
		data->best_version[0] = i0;
		data->best_version[1] = i1;
		data->best_version[2] = i2;
		data->best_version[3] = i3;
	}
}

void win8_best(wchar_t *short_name, wchar_t *full_name, Version_Data *data) {
	// Find the Windows 8 subdirectory with the highest version number.

	int i0, i1;
	auto success = swscanf_s(short_name, L"winv%d.%d", &i0, &i1);
	if (success < 2) return;

	if (i0 < data->best_version[0]) return;
	else if (i0 == data->best_version[0]) {
		if (i1 < data->best_version[1]) return;
	}

	// we have to copy_string and free here because visit_files free's the full_name string
	// after we execute this function, so Win*_Data would contain an invalid pointer.
	if (data->best_name) free(data->best_name);
	data->best_name = _wcsdup(full_name);

	if (data->best_name) {
		data->best_version[0] = i0;
		data->best_version[1] = i1;
	}
}

void find_windows_kit_root(Find_Result *result) {
	// Information about the Windows 10 and Windows 8 development kits
	// is stored in the same place in the registry. We open a key
	// to that place, first checking preferentially for a Windows 10 kit,
	// then, if that's not found, a Windows 8 kit.
	
	HKEY main_key;

	auto rc = RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows Kits\\Installed Roots",
		0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_WOW64_32KEY | KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS, &main_key);
	if (rc != S_OK) return;
	defer{ RegCloseKey(main_key); };

	// Look for a Windows 10 entry.
	auto windows10_root = find_windows_kit_root(main_key, L"KitsRoot10");

	if (windows10_root) {
		defer{ free(windows10_root); };
		Version_Data data = { 0 };
		auto windows10_lib = concat(windows10_root, L"Lib");
		defer{ free(windows10_lib); };

		visit_files_w(windows10_lib, &data, win10_best);
		if (data.best_name) {
			result->windows_sdk_version = 10;
			result->windows_sdk_root = data.best_name;
			return;
		}
	}

	// Look for a Windows 8 entry.
	auto windows8_root = find_windows_kit_root(main_key, L"KitsRoot81");

	if (windows8_root) {
		defer{ free(windows8_root); };

		auto windows8_lib = concat(windows8_root, L"Lib");
		defer{ free(windows8_lib); };

		Version_Data data = { 0 };
		visit_files_w(windows8_lib, &data, win8_best);
		if (data.best_name) {
			result->windows_sdk_version = 8;
			result->windows_sdk_root = data.best_name;
			return;
		}
	}

	// If we get here, we failed to find anything.
}


void find_visual_studio_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness(Find_Result *result) {
	// The name of this procedure is kind of cryptic. Its purpose is
	// to fight through Microsoft craziness. The things that the fine
	// Visual Studio team want you to do, JUST TO FIND A SINGLE FOLDER
	// THAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO FIND, are ridiculous garbage.

	// For earlier versions of Visual Studio, you'd find this information in the registry,
	// similarly to the Windows Kits above. But no, now it's the future, so to ask the
	// question "Where is the Visual Studio folder?" you have to do a bunch of COM object
	// instantiation, enumeration, and querying. (For extra bonus points, try doing this in
	// a new, underdeveloped programming language where you don't have COM routines up
	// and running yet. So fun.)
	//
	// If all this COM object instantiation, enumeration, and querying doesn't give us
	// a useful result, we drop back to the registry-checking method.

	auto rc = CoInitialize(NULL);
	// "Subsequent valid calls return false." So ignore false.
	// if rc != S_OK  return false;

	GUID my_uid = { 0x42843719, 0xDB4C, 0x46C2, {0x8E, 0x7C, 0x64, 0xF1, 0x81, 0x6E, 0xFD, 0x5B} };
	GUID CLSID_SetupConfiguration = { 0x177F0C4A, 0x1CD3, 0x4DE7, {0xA3, 0x2C, 0x71, 0xDB, 0xBB, 0x9F, 0xA3, 0x6D} };

	ISetupConfiguration *config = NULL;
	auto hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SetupConfiguration, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, my_uid, (void **)&config);
	if (hr != 0)  return;
	defer{ config->Release(); };

	IEnumSetupInstances *instances = NULL;
	hr = config->EnumInstances(&instances);
	if (hr != 0)     return;
	if (!instances)  return;
	defer{ instances->Release(); };

	while (1) {
		ULONG found = 0;
		ISetupInstance *instance = NULL;
		auto hr = instances->Next(1, &instance, &found);
		if (hr != S_OK) break;

		defer{ instance->Release(); };

		BSTR bstr_inst_path;
		hr = instance->GetInstallationPath(&bstr_inst_path);
		if (hr != S_OK)  continue;
		defer{ SysFreeString(bstr_inst_path); };

		auto tools_filename = concat(bstr_inst_path, L"\\VC\\Auxiliary\\Build\\Microsoft.VCToolsVersion.default.txt");
		defer{ free(tools_filename); };

		FILE *f = nullptr;
		auto open_result = _wfopen_s(&f, tools_filename, L"rt");
		if (open_result != 0) continue;
		if (!f) continue;
		defer{ fclose(f); };

		LARGE_INTEGER tools_file_size;
		auto file_handle = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(_fileno(f));
		BOOL success = GetFileSizeEx(file_handle, &tools_file_size);
		if (!success) continue;

		auto version_bytes = (tools_file_size.QuadPart + 1) * 2;  // Warning: This multiplication by 2 presumes there is no variable-length encoding in the wchars (wacky characters in the file could betray this expectation).
		wchar_t *version = (wchar_t *)malloc(version_bytes);		

		auto read_result = fgetws(version, (int)version_bytes, f);
		if (!read_result) continue;

		auto version_tail = wcschr(version, '\n');
		if (version_tail)  *version_tail = 0;  // Stomp the data, because nobody cares about it.

		auto library32_path = concat(bstr_inst_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\lib\\x86");
		auto library64_path = concat(bstr_inst_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\lib\\x64");
		auto library_file = concat(library32_path, L"\\vcruntime.lib");  // @Speed: Could have library_path point to this string, with a smaller count, to save on memory flailing!
		auto vs_exe64_path = concat(bstr_inst_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\bin\\Hostx64\\x64");
		auto vs_exe64_link_path = concat(vs_exe64_path, L"\\link.exe");

		bool use = false;
		if ((os_file_exists(library_file)) && (os_file_exists(vs_exe64_link_path)))
		{			
			if (result->vs_version == NULL)
			{
				use = true;
			}			
			else if (wcscmp(version, result->vs_version) > 0)
			{
				use = true;
			}			
		}

		if (use)
		{
			result->vs_version = version;
			result->vs_exe64_path = vs_exe64_path;
			result->vs_exe32_path = concat(bstr_inst_path, L"\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\", version, L"\\bin\\Hostx86\\x86");

			result->vs_library32_path = library32_path;
			result->vs_library64_path = library64_path;
		}
		else
		{
			free(version);
			free(vs_exe64_path);
			free(library32_path);
			free(library64_path);
		}
		
		free(library_file);
		free(vs_exe64_link_path);

		/*
		   Ryan Saunderson said:
		   "Clang uses the 'SetupInstance->GetInstallationVersion' / ISetupHelper->ParseVersion to find the newest version
		   and then reads the tools file to define the tools path - which is definitely better than what i did."

		   So... @Incomplete: Should probably pick the newest version...
		*/
	}

	if (result->vs_exe64_path != NULL)
		return;

	// If we get here, we didn't find Visual Studio 2017. Try earlier versions.

	HKEY vs7_key;
	rc = RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\VisualStudio\\SxS\\VS7", 0, KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_WOW64_32KEY, &vs7_key);

	if (rc != S_OK)  return;
	defer{ RegCloseKey(vs7_key); };

	// Hardcoded search for 4 prior Visual Studio versions. Is there something better to do here?
	wchar_t *versions[] = { L"14.0", L"12.0", L"11.0", L"10.0" };
	const int NUM_VERSIONS = sizeof(versions) / sizeof(versions[0]);

	for (int i = 0; i < NUM_VERSIONS; i++) {
		auto v = versions[i];

		DWORD dw_type;
		DWORD cb_data;

		auto rc = RegQueryValueExW(vs7_key, v, NULL, &dw_type, NULL, &cb_data);
		if ((rc == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) || (dw_type != REG_SZ)) {
			continue;
		}

		auto buffer = (wchar_t *)malloc(cb_data);
		if (!buffer)  return;
		defer{ free(buffer); };

		rc = RegQueryValueExW(vs7_key, v, NULL, NULL, (LPBYTE)buffer, &cb_data);
		if (rc != 0)  continue;

		// @Robustness: Do the zero-termination thing suggested in the RegQueryValue docs?

		auto lib32_path = concat(buffer, L"VC\\Lib\\x86");
		auto lib64_path = concat(buffer, L"VC\\Lib\\amd64");

		// Check to see whether a vcruntime.lib actually exists here.
		auto vcruntime_filename = concat(lib32_path, L"\\vcruntime.lib");
		defer{ free(vcruntime_filename); };

		if (os_file_exists(vcruntime_filename)) {
			result->vs_exe32_path = concat(buffer, L"VC\\bin");
			result->vs_exe64_path = concat(buffer, L"VC\\bin");
			result->vs_library32_path = lib32_path;
			result->vs_library64_path = lib64_path;
			return;
		}

		free(lib32_path);
		free(lib64_path);
	}

	// If we get here, we failed to find anything.
}


Find_Result find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk() {
	Find_Result result;

	find_windows_kit_root(&result);

// 	if (result.windows_sdk_root) {
// 		result.windows_sdk_um_library_path = concat(result.windows_sdk_root, L"\\um\\x64");
// 		result.windows_sdk_ucrt_library_path = concat(result.windows_sdk_root, L"\\ucrt\\x64");
// 	}

	find_visual_studio_by_fighting_through_microsoft_craziness(&result);

	return result;
}

BF_EXPORT const char* BF_CALLTYPE VSSupport_Find()
{
	Beefy::String& outString = *Beefy::gTLStrReturn.Get();
	outString.clear();
	
	Find_Result findResult = find_visual_studio_and_windows_sdk();

	auto _AddPath = [&](wchar_t* str)
	{
		if (str != NULL)
		{
			outString += "\n";
			outString += Beefy::UTF8Encode(str);
		}
	};
	
	if (findResult.vs_exe32_path != NULL)
		outString += "TOOL32\t" + Beefy::UTF8Encode(findResult.vs_exe32_path) + "\n";
	if (findResult.vs_exe64_path != NULL)
		outString += "TOOL64\t" + Beefy::UTF8Encode(findResult.vs_exe64_path) + "\n";		

	if (findResult.windows_sdk_root != NULL)
	{
		Beefy::String path = Beefy::UTF8Encode(findResult.windows_sdk_root);
		outString += "LIB32\t";
		outString += path;
		outString += "\\um\\x86\n";
		outString += "LIB64\t";
		outString += path;
		outString += "\\um\\x64\n";

		outString += "LIB32\t";
		outString += path;
		outString += "\\ucrt\\x86\n";
		outString += "LIB64\t";
		outString += path;
		outString += "\\ucrt\\x64\n";
	}

	if (findResult.vs_library32_path != NULL)
	{
		outString += "LIB32\t";
		outString += Beefy::UTF8Encode(findResult.vs_library32_path);
		outString += "\n";
	}

	if (findResult.vs_library64_path != NULL)
	{
		outString += "LIB64\t";
		outString += Beefy::UTF8Encode(findResult.vs_library64_path);
		outString += "\n";
	}
	
	free_resources(&findResult);

	return outString.c_str();
}